- Ulverston & Lancaster Railway (ULR)
- Opened between Carnforth (on the LNWR) and Ulverston (I assume?) in 1857, the ULR was absorbed into the Furness Railway
 in 1862
- Underframe
- The component of a carriage or wagon comprising the main structural part which carries the carriage body. Originally of wood, later strengthened by steel plates, and finally of all-steel construction, the underframe remained essentially a separate component until the introduction of the integral BR Mk.2 carriage design.
- Undertaking
- The sealed undertaking required by the Board of Trade and its successors binding a railway company to a particular method of working a single line.
- Unfitted Train
- A train consisting of vehicles which are not fitted with continuous brakes. Special care is needed in working such trains as the only brakes available are those of the locomotive and brake van (controlled independently by the guard).
- Union Link
- Part of the Walschaerts valve-gear .
- Up line
- All lines have a defined ‘Up’ and ‘Down’ direction, to or from the major city. The up line went towards the major city or, on a branch line, towards the junction with the main line. London was usually the major city.
- Upper Quadrant Signal
- A semaphore signal in which the arm was raised to indicate ‘off’ or ‘clear’. Upper quadrant signals largely replaced lower quadrant under the LMS because in the event of failure they would return to danger under their own weight.
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