- O Gauge
- See Model Gauges
 .
- Observation Saloon
- A passenger coach incorporating large windows on the sides and at one end. Normally used on scenic routes and available to passengers paying a supplementary fare.
- Occupation Crossing
- An unmanned level crossing provided at field crossings or on private roads and footpaths. Single gates were used, hinged so as to open away from the railway, invariably with a notice prescribing a penalty of 40 shillings (£2) for persons who failed to shut and fasten the gates after use.
- OCT – Open Carriage Truck
- Normally NPCS rated, a flat truck designed for end-loading and intended for the conveyance of horse drawn road carriages, and later motor vehicles.
- Off (Signal)
- Position of a signal indicating that a train may proceed.
- OFT – Open Fish truck
- Normally NPCS rated, an open truck intended for the conveyance of fish in boxes or barrels, often attached to passenger trains to obtain speedy transit. For obvious reasons unsuitable for use with any other commodity.
- Oil Gas Lighting
- System of lighting used for passenger carriages from 1885 onwards, involving oil (or in a few cases coal) gas stored under pressure in cylinders under the carriage. Originally the burners were simple flat flames, but gas lighting was improved by the invention of the incandescent mantle and inverted burner in 1906. For safety reasons gas lighting was abandoned after 1913, and many existing coaches were later converted to electric lighting.
- Oil Lighting
- Earliest form of illumination using oil lamps with wicks. Originally the oil was shale or rape oil, and the lamps were very malodorous and unreliable. Improved systems of oil lighting using paraffin remained in use especially for signal lamps and level crossing gate lamps, also at stations and signal boxes at remote locations, for very many years, well into the BR era.
- Oiling Up
- Topping up the various oil reservoirs around a locomotive, or other rolling stock, before commencing work.
- Old Works, Crewe
- The original 1840 workshops at Crewe, in the triangle between the Chester and Warrington lines. The name differentiates that part of the works from the 1861 deviation works and various later expansions.
- Omnibus Truck
- A special passenger-rated vehicle with a low floor designed to carry horse-drawn omnibuses.
- On (Signal)
- Position of a signal indicating ‘danger’ or ‘stop’.
- OO Gauge
- See Model Gauges.
- Open Coach
- Coach with the seating arranged in open saloons (cf Compartments). Open coaches often but not always had gangway connections. The open coach arrangement was mostly used for saloons, which term implied payment of a higher or supplementary fare.
- Outer Home Signal
- A signal in rear of the home signal, necessary when another line – for example a slow line or another platform line – diverges from the main line in rear of the station.
- Overlap
- A section of line beyond a signal which is kept clear as a safety margin while a train is allowed to approach that signal. Often 440 yards.
- Oxenholme
- A station on the Lancaster and Carlisle main line, 249 miles from Euston, and the junction for Windermere. Oxenhome was at the foot of the bank to Shap; banking engines were often provided from Oxenholme to the summit.
- Oxford, Worcester & Wolverhampton Railway (OW&W)
- Not part of LNWR
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